HOMOGENEITY TEST AND NON-PARAMETRIC ANALYSES OF TENDENCIES: APPLICATION OF 22ND-24TH SUNSPOTS CYCLES WITH ITS INFLUENCE ON MEAN MONTHLY LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE

Abstract

This study highlights the significance of testing Pettitt’s homogeneity and non-parametric trend scrutiny for the monthly sunspot cycles 22^nd to 24^th in the duration of 1986 to 2018, and any stimulus on climate parameters e.g. mean monthly land surface temperature of Karachi city in same manner of sunspot cycles. We are examined Pettitt’s test of homogeneity to spot any change points in the time series records. Although no break points are spotted in the sunspot data series, a significant downward trend of 0.15 per month are emphasized by applying the auto-correlated Mann-Kendall trend test. The results indicate a reduction in the number of sunspots during the cycle 24. Therefore, an average temperature rise from solar cycle 23rd to solar cycle 24th an inverse relation for  referring to the temperature and sunspots, no significant relationship between sunspot cycles and temperature trends was found. It is therefore, the sunspots numbers are generally declined from 22nd to 24th, which is a direct influence on Karachi’s temperature patterns. Although, the decreasing in sunspots activity could not relate to a cooling effect on temperatures. As, this study is concluded that other climate parameters are included anthropogenic influences, which is play a vital role in the observed earth temperature increase. This research is contributed to the appreciative of solar-terrestrial interactions and their influence on earth climate.