https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/issue/feed Journal of Mountain Area Research 2025-04-26T18:41:03+05:00 Asad Ullah, PhD dr.asadullah@kiu.edu.pk Open Journal Systems <p> _______________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><img style="height: 211px; float: left; margin-top: 6px; margin-left: 6px; margin-right: 3px;" src="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/management/settings/context//public/site/images/admin_kiu_journal/newcover3_used_on_web_latest_2021.jpg" alt="" width="165" /><strong>Journal of Mountain Area Research </strong><em> <br /></em><em>An international peer-reviewed journal on Mathematical and Physical Sciences research </em></p> <p>Recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan in<strong> Y-Category<br /></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span class="publishing-options__Label-sc-5j168a-1 dWYPSC"> Publishing options: <strong>Open access</strong></span></p> <p> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal policies</a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about/submissions#authorGuidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Guide for authors</a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about/submissions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Submit your paper</a></span></p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US"> ISSN: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">2518-850X (Online), </span><span lang="EN-US">2518-8496 (Print)</span></p> <p> ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><span lang="EN-US"><strong>Editor-in-chief</strong> <a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about/editorialTeam" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&gt; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">View editorial Board</span><br /></a></span><em> </em></p> <p><em><a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/EIC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Asad Ullah, PhD</a></em></p> <p style="display: none;">Website: <a href="https://www.lintasserayu.com/">www.lintasserayu.com</a></p> <p>________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ </p> <p>Journal of mountain area research (J. mt. area res.) is an <strong>HEC recognized (Y-Category)</strong> academic journal supervised by the <a href="https://www.kiu.edu.pk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan</a>. J. mt. area res. is an annual international peer-reviewed journal publishing original full length research articles, review papers and letters/short communications on a broad range of Mathematical and Physical Sciences fields, and will accept papers in mathematical sciences, materials sciences, physics, chemistry and Earth sciences. The journal was completely multidisciplinary earlier, from 2019 onwards the scope of journal has been limited only to Mathematical and Physical sciences areas mentioned above. </p> <p>In addition to regular issues, Virtual Special Issues on selected topics will be organized from time to time in this journal. Each submission will be evaluated using the same editorial process as that used for regular submissions, and once accepted, will be published online as soon as possible and featured as part of the Virtual Special Issue. To find out more about the ongoing special issues, please refer to the <a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/announcement" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Announcement section</a> of the journal homepage.</p> <p>Journal of mountain area research is the official journal of the Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan.</p> <p>__________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Journal policy</strong></p> <p>The journal policy is to publish only original research work, therefore J. mt. area res. does not wish to receive any paper that has already been reported in parts or contains already published text, data, figures, tables or other illustrations or any copyright materials whatsoever that has been submitted or accepted for publication either in a journal or conference proceedings elsewhere <a title="binjaitoto" href="https://sevensins.com.mx/">binjaitoto</a> in any form. Misconduct in research papers, including plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication is unacceptable to this journal, and will be strongly discouraged. All submissions will be checked for plagiarism, any manuscript that contains redundant or duplicate publication of the same or very similar research work violates the policies of this journal and will be rejected. This journal follows the guidelines of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) for dealing with the cases of research misconduct. For details please visit the 'Publication Ethics' section in our <a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about/submissions#authorGuidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Author Guidelines</a>.</p> <p>__________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Open Access</strong></p> <p>This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. There are <strong><em>no Article Processing Charges (APCs)</em></strong> for all authors worldwide. All costs of the manuscript processing and publishing are borne by the Karakoram International University.</p> <p>__________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Publishing Schedule</strong></p> <p>This journal is published annually. However, accepted papers are normally published online as early as possible with full citation details.</p> <p>__________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Important downloads: </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.kiu.edu.pk/cms/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Sample-Paper.docx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Paper template</a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.kiu.edu.pk/cms/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Endnote-style-JMAR.zip" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Endnote reference style</a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.kiu.edu.pk/cms/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Copyright-Transfer-Agreement.docx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Copyright transfer agreement</a></span> <br />(Note: If there is any issue with download, please right click and save the file)</p> <p> __________________________________________________________________________________________________<br /><strong>Abstracted/Indexed in</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://www.ebsco.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EBSCO</a> <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=on:DGCNT+http://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/oai+JMAR+PKKIU&amp;qt=results_page%22%20target=%22_blank" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WORLDCAT</a> </strong> <strong><a title="ICI Journals Master List" href="https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/details?id=45881&amp;lang=pl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">INDEXCOPERNICUS</a> </strong> <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2518-850X?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%222518-850X%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22_type%22%3A%22article%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>DOAJ</strong></a><strong> </strong><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=0&amp;q=source:Journal+source:of+source:Mountain+source:Area+source:Research&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0,5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>GOOGLESCHOLAR</strong></a> </p> <p> __________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p> <strong>Memberships</strong></p> <p> <strong><a href="https://oaspa.org/member/journal-of-mountain-area-research/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">OASPA</a></strong> </p> <p>___________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/article/view/209 Models Forecasting and Evaluation of Karachi Rainfall 2024-12-31T19:49:48+05:00 S. B. Sami aszafar@ssuet.edu.pk R. Salman reemarafique.12@gmail.com Asma Zaffar asmazaffar105@gmail.com A.K. Shahani asif.khan@szabist.edu.pk <p>Building up a model for hydrological forecasting from historical records is essential to powerful hydropower reservoir management, implementation, controlling, and discharging water. Conventionally, modelling and analysis through a time series approach have been used to build mathematical models for producing hydrologic records in water resources and hydrology. Recently artificial intelligence (AI) is used for forecasting and modelling hydrological data. By using AI, large-scale and long-series data can be analysed with reasonable accuracy. This paper is focused on assessing and forecasting rainfall in Karachi. For this purpose, the daily rainfall data are considered from the period 2006 to 2017. Three novel models Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are employed. The statistical measure; Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is used to evaluate the performance of these models. We have also determined the values for the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian Schwarz information criterion (SIC), Hannan Quinn information criterion (HIC), and Durbin-Watson test (DW), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Estimation of these parameters assisted in selecting the best-fitted model. Findings indicate that ANFIS and SARIMA outperform contrary to all evaluation criteria. This study implies researchers embrace ANFIS and SARIMA for predicting rainfall, hydrology, and water resources with high accuracy.</p> 2025-03-23T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Mountain Area Research https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/article/view/267 TECTONIC FRAMEWORK AND STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF MUZAFFARABAD AND ADJOINING AREAS, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN 2025-04-26T18:41:03+05:00 Syed Ali Turab aliturab@uop.edu.pk M. Asif Khan aliturab@uop.edu.pk <p>In northwest Himalayas of Pakistan, the rocks of Sub Himalayas and Lesser Himalayas, which are separated by Main Boundary Thrust / Jhelum Fault, are folded around a regional scale antiformal structure called Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis (HKS). The earthquake of 8th October, 2005 ruptured Muzaffarabad Thrust across the western limb of HKS, emphasizing the need to better understand the tectonic setup and geological structures of Muzaffarabad and adjoining areas. An integrated approach was used in this study by combining results of satellite image analysis with field observations, lab analysis of structural data collected in the field, and published data. The Muzaffarabad thrust is categorized as a component of southwest-verging Kashmir thrust system which is dominant and actively propagating towards southwest with its frontal thrusts cutting up through the south-southeast-verging Pakistan thrust system. There were Two different structural domains identified. The majority of the structures in Domain 1 show the effects of Jhelum Fault. On the other hand, the region with Domain 2 structures is genetically associated with the Muzaffarabad Thrust and is affected by NE-SW shortening. Structures of the Domain 2 are generally considered to be older than the Domain 1 structures but the 2005 earthquake along the Muzaffarabad Thrust proved that the area is still observing the causative stresses of Domain 2. Accordingly, any major construction in the area should be properly designed and built.</p> 2025-04-26T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Mountain Area Research