Journal of Mountain Area Research
https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR
<p> _______________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><img style="height: 211px; float: left; margin-top: 6px; margin-left: 6px; margin-right: 3px;" src="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/management/settings/context//public/site/images/admin_kiu_journal/newcover3_used_on_web_latest_2021.jpg" alt="" width="165" /><strong>Journal of Mountain Area Research </strong><em> <br /></em><em>An international peer-reviewed journal on Mathematical and Physical Sciences research </em></p> <p>Recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan in<strong> Y-Category<br /></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span class="publishing-options__Label-sc-5j168a-1 dWYPSC"> Publishing options: <strong>Open access</strong></span></p> <p> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal policies</a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about/submissions#authorGuidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Guide for authors</a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about/submissions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Submit your paper</a></span></p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US"> ISSN: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">2518-850X (Online), </span><span lang="EN-US">2518-8496 (Print)</span></p> <p> ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><span lang="EN-US"><strong>Editor-in-chief</strong> <a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about/editorialTeam" target="_blank" rel="noopener">> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">View editorial Board</span><br /></a></span><em> </em></p> <p><em><a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/EIC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Asad Ullah, PhD</a></em></p> <p style="display: none;">Website: <a href="https://www.lintasserayu.com/">www.lintasserayu.com</a></p> <p>________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ </p> <p>Journal of mountain area research (J. mt. area res.) is an <strong>HEC recognized (Y-Category)</strong> academic journal supervised by the <a href="https://www.kiu.edu.pk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan</a>. J. mt. area res. is an annual international peer-reviewed journal publishing original full length research articles, review papers and letters/short communications on a broad range of Mathematical and Physical Sciences fields, and will accept papers in mathematical sciences, materials sciences, physics, chemistry and Earth sciences. The journal was completely multidisciplinary earlier, from 2019 onwards the scope of journal has been limited only to Mathematical and Physical sciences areas mentioned above. </p> <p>In addition to regular issues, Virtual Special Issues on selected topics will be organized from time to time in this journal. Each submission will be evaluated using the same editorial process as that used for regular submissions, and once accepted, will be published online as soon as possible and featured as part of the Virtual Special Issue. To find out more about the ongoing special issues, please refer to the <a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/announcement" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Announcement section</a> of the journal homepage.</p> <p>Journal of mountain area research is the official journal of the Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan.</p> <p>__________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Journal policy</strong></p> <p>The journal policy is to publish only original research work, therefore J. mt. area res. does not wish to receive any paper that has already been reported in parts or contains already published text, data, figures, tables or other illustrations or any copyright materials whatsoever that has been submitted or accepted for publication either in a journal or conference proceedings elsewhere in any form. Misconduct in research papers, including plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication is unacceptable to this journal, and will be strongly discouraged. All submissions will be checked for plagiarism, any manuscript that contains redundant or duplicate publication of the same or very similar research work violates the policies of this journal and will be rejected. This journal follows the guidelines of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) for dealing with the cases of research misconduct. For details please visit the 'Publication Ethics' section in our <a href="https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/about/submissions#authorGuidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Author Guidelines</a>.</p> <p>__________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Open Access</strong></p> <p>This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. There are <strong><em>no Article Processing Charges (APCs)</em></strong> for all authors worldwide. All costs of the manuscript processing and publishing are borne by the Karakoram International University.</p> <p>__________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Publishing Schedule</strong></p> <p>This journal is published annually. However, accepted papers are normally published online as early as possible with full citation details.</p> <p>__________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Important downloads: </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.kiu.edu.pk/cms/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Sample-Paper.docx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Paper template</a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.kiu.edu.pk/cms/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Endnote-style-JMAR.zip" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Endnote reference style</a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.kiu.edu.pk/cms/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Copyright-Transfer-Agreement.docx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Copyright transfer agreement</a></span> <br />(Note: If there is any issue with download, please right click and save the file)</p> <p> __________________________________________________________________________________________________<br /><strong>Abstracted/Indexed in</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://www.ebsco.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EBSCO</a> <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=on:DGCNT+http://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/oai+JMAR+PKKIU&qt=results_page%22%20target=%22_blank" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WORLDCAT</a> </strong> <strong><a title="ICI Journals Master List" href="https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/details?id=45881&lang=pl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">INDEXCOPERNICUS</a> </strong> <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2518-850X?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%222518-850X%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22_type%22%3A%22article%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>DOAJ</strong></a><strong> </strong><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=0&q=source:Journal+source:of+source:Mountain+source:Area+source:Research&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>GOOGLESCHOLAR</strong></a> </p> <p> __________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p> <strong>Memberships</strong></p> <p> <strong><a href="https://oaspa.org/member/journal-of-mountain-area-research/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">OASPA</a></strong> </p> <p>___________________________________________________________________________________________________</p>en-US<p>Papers accepted for publication become copyright of the Editorial Office, Journal of Mountain Area Research, Karakoram International University Gilgit, Gilgit-15100, Pakistan and authors will be asked to sign a copyright transfer agreement. Articles cannot be published until a signed copyright transfer agreement form has been received.<br>The work published in this journal is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. </p>dr.asadullah@kiu.edu.pk (Asad Ullah, PhD)jmar@kiu.edu.pk (Journal of Mountain Area Research)Sun, 23 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0500OJS 3.2.1.5http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss60Models Forecasting and Evaluation of Karachi Rainfall
https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/article/view/209
<p>Building up a model for hydrological forecasting from historical records is essential to powerful hydropower reservoir management, implementation, controlling, and discharging water. Conventionally, modelling and analysis through a time series approach have been used to build mathematical models for producing hydrologic records in water resources and hydrology. Recently artificial intelligence (AI) is used for forecasting and modelling hydrological data. By using AI, large-scale and long-series data can be analysed with reasonable accuracy. This paper is focused on assessing and forecasting rainfall in Karachi. For this purpose, the daily rainfall data are considered from the period 2006 to 2017. Three novel models Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are employed. The statistical measure; Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is used to evaluate the performance of these models. We have also determined the values for the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian Schwarz information criterion (SIC), Hannan Quinn information criterion (HIC), and Durbin-Watson test (DW), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Estimation of these parameters assisted in selecting the best-fitted model. Findings indicate that ANFIS and SARIMA outperform contrary to all evaluation criteria. This study implies researchers embrace ANFIS and SARIMA for predicting rainfall, hydrology, and water resources with high accuracy.</p>S. B. Sami, R. Salman, Asma Zaffar, A. K. Shahani
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Mountain Area Research
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/article/view/209Sun, 23 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0500