CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON MOUNTAIN BIODIVERSITY: A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GILGIT-BALTISTAN OF PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Abstract
Climate Change is not a stationary phenomenon; it moves from time to time, it represents a major threat to mountainous biodiversity and to ecosystem integrity. The present study is an attempt to identify the current knowledge gap and the effects of climate change on mountainous biodiversity, a special reference to the Gilgit-Baltistan is briefly reviewed. Measuring the impact of climate change on mountain biodiversity is quite challenging, because climate change interacts with every phenomenon of ecosystem. The scale of this change is so large and very adverse so strongly connected to ecosystem services, and all communities who use natural resources. This study aims to provide the evidences on the basis of previous literature, in particular context to mountain biodiversity of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB). Mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan have most fragile ecosystem and are more vulnerable to climate change. These mountains host variety of wild fauna and flora, with many endangered species of the world. There are still many gaps in our knowledge of literature we studied because very little research has been conducted in Gilgit-Baltistan about climate change particular to biodiversity. Recommendations are made for increased research efforts in future this including jointly monitoring programs, climate change models and ecological research. Understanding the impact of climate change particular to biodiversity of GB is very important for sustainable management of these natural resources. The Government organizations, NGOs and the research agencies must fill the knowledge gap, so that it will help them for policy making, which will be based on scientific findings and research based.
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How to Cite
ISHAQ, S. et al.
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON MOUNTAIN BIODIVERSITY: A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GILGIT-BALTISTAN OF PAKISTAN.
Journal of Mountain Area Research, [S.l.], v. 1, p. 53-63, aug. 2016.
ISSN 2518-850X.
Available at: <https://journal.kiu.edu.pk/index.php/JMAR/article/view/12>. Date accessed: 26 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.53874/jmar.v1i0.12.
Issue
Section
Miscellaneous
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Papers accepted for publication become copyright of the Editorial Office, Journal of Mountain Area Research, Karakoram International University Gilgit, Gilgit-15100, Pakistan and authors will be asked to sign a copyright transfer agreement. Articles cannot be published until a signed copyright transfer agreement form has been received.
The work published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1995. IPCC Second Assessment Report.
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H. F. Diaz, M. Grosjean, L. Graumlich, Climate variability and change in high elevation regions: past, present and future. Climatic Change 59 (2003) 1-4.
M. Beniston, Impact of Climate Change on Mountain Region. A review of possible impacts. Climatic Change 59 (2003) 5-31.
A. Guisan, A, J. Holten, R. Spichiger, and L. Tessier (eds.), 1995. Potential Ecological Impacts of Climate Change in the Alps and Fennoscandian Mountains. Publication Series of the Geneva Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 194 pp.
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J. Solar, Effect of Climate Change on Mountain Pine Distribution in Western Tatra Mountains, (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54724
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A. A. Tahir, P. Chevallier, Y. Arnaud, L. Neppel, & B. Ahmad, Modeling snowmelt-runoff under climate scenarios in the Hunza River basin, Karakoram Range, Northern Pakistan. Hydrology , (2011) 04-117.
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http://www.globalissues.org/article/172/climatechange-affects-biodiversity
M. M. Iqbal, & A. M. Khan, CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY IN PAKISTAN. Islamabad: World Environment Day, (2010).
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R. Slatyer, Climate change impacts on Australia’s alpine ecosystems. The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal 2 (2010).
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K. Hennessy, P. Whetton , L. Smith, J. Bathols, M. Hutchinson, & J. Sharples, The impact of climate change on snow conditions in mainland Australia. CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, (2003).
G. R. Walther, S. Beissner& C. A. Burga, Trends in the upward shift of alpine plants. Journal of Vegetation Science 16, (2005) 541-8.
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A. A. Chaudhry, Forest and climate Change. World Environmental Day, June 2011.
M. A. Munoz, A. Faz, A. R. Memut, Soil Carbon Reservoirs at High-Altitude Ecosystems in the Andean Plateau. Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems, Springer International Publishing, (2015) 135-153.
N. Nikolaishvili, L. Matchanariani, Impacts of Climate Change on Georgia’s Mountain Ecosystems. Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, (2015) 245-274.
G. Parolly, The High-Mountain Flora and Vegetation of the Western and Central Taurus Mts. (Turkey) in the Times of Climate Change. Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, (2015) 9-133.
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Impact of Climate Change on Mountain Biodiversity in Eurpoe. (2010).
E. M. Spehn, K. Rudmann-Maurer, C. Körner, D. Maselli (eds.), Mountain Biodiversity and Global Change. GMBA-DIVERSITAS, Basel, (2010)
T. Kohler and D, Maselli (eds). Mountains and Climate Change - From Understanding to Action. Published by GeographicaBernensia with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and an international team of contributors. Bern. (2009).
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. (2009). Mountain Biodiversity and Climate Change. Kathmandu, Nepal: ICIMOD.
N. Chettri, B. Shakya, & E. Sharma, Biodiversity Conservation in the Kangchenjunga Landscape. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICMOD), (2008).
USAID. 2001. CHANGING GLACIERS AND HYDROLOGY IN ASIA ADDRESSING VULNERABILITIES TO GLACIER MELT IMPACTS. USAID Environmental Health IQC (EHIQC, Contract GHA-I-00-04-00006/Task Order # 2, Line Item # 2), managed by CDM International Inc.
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S.K. Behera, Impact of Climate Change on Mountains Ecosystems of India: Special Reference to the Himalayas. International Society of Environmental Botanist, Enviro News, 18 (2012).
K. Tse-ring, E. Sharma, N. Chettri, & A. Shrestha, Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability in the Eastern Himalayas – Synthesis Report. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development ( ICMOD), (2010)
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K. MacKinnon, C. Sobrevila, & V. Hickey, Biodiversity, Climate Change and Adaptation; Nature-Based Solutions from the World Bank Portfolio. Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK (2008).
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G. P. Juli & P. A. Mike, Patterns of plant species richness in relation to different environments: An appraisal. Vegetation Science , (2001)153-166.
D. Leary, B. Pisupati, (eds). 2010. The Future International Environmental Law. United Nation University Press.
M. Malik, A. Imran, N. Naseer, R. Mahmood, & et, al., Wetlands as Indicators of Climate Change. Nature, A quarterly magazine of WWF-Pakistan, 34 (2010)1-32
M. A. Khan, B. Gul, H. Khan, Impact of Climatic Change on Flora of High Altitudes in Pakistan. Springer International Publishing. (2015) 361-381.
J. Y. Gerlitz, S. Banerjee, N. Brooks, M. Macchi, An Approach to Measure Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. (2014) 1-22.
P. W. Bierman-Lytle, Climate Change Impact on High-Altitude Ecosystems and Their Impact on Human Communities. Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, (2015) 289-341.
G. Grabherr, M. Gottfried, H. Pauli, Climate effects on mountain plants. Nature, 369 (1994) 448.
H. Pauli, M. Gottfried, K. Reiter, C. Klettner, G. Grabherr, Signals of range expansions and contractions of vascular plants in the high Alps: observations (1994–2004) at the GLORIA master site Schrankogel, Tyrol, Austria. Glob Change Biol 13 (2007) 147-156.
A. El-Keblawy, Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity Loss and Extinction of Endemic plants of Arid Land Mountains. J Biodivers Endanger Species 1 (2014) 2-20.
R. E. Green, M. Harley, L. Miles, J. Scharlemann, A. Watkinson, & O. Watts, Global Climate Change and Biodiversity. East Anglia, Norwich, UK: University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, (2003).
K. Sheikh, T. Ahmad, M. A. Khan, Use, exploitation and prospects for conservation: people and plant biodiversity of Naltar Valley, northwestern Karakorums, Pakistan. Biodiversity and Conservation, 28 (2002) 715–742.
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